Peter Kropotkin and evolutionary sources of morality
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14394/etyka.950Keywords:
ethics, morality, Peter Kropotkin, darwinism, Russian darwinism, anarchismAbstract
Peter Kropotkin was the most important representative of Russian Darwinism and the mutual aid theory, which emphasized the importance of intraspecific cooperation in the process of natural selection and struggle for existence. Based on this theory, he proposed the thesis about the evolutionary sources of the human morality. This is also the reason why beside the description of this thesis, the article focused also on the theory of mutual aid. The Kropotkin evolutionary approach proposed the vision of human morality as a part of human nature based on social instinct (and its manifestations like: equality, solidarity, sense of justice...) and mutual aid. This made this theory in opposition to dominant trends in thinking about human morality at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, especially to the moral dualism of social Darwinism. Furthermore Kropotkin approach gone beyond anthropocentrism, suggested that moral feelings are not only limited to human kind.
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